Lymphoedema, if untreated or poorly managed, can lead to several serious complications that affect physical health, quality of life, and emotional well-being.

One of the most common issues is the heightened risk of infections, such as cellulitis and lymphangitis, which occur due to impaired lymphatic function. These infections can cause pain, redness, and swelling in the affected area and may become recurrent. Over time, chronic swelling can lead to significant skin changes, including fibrosis, where the skin and underlying tissues harden, hyperkeratosis, which causes thick, scaly skin, and papillomatosis, characterized by small wart-like growths.

The physical changes caused by lymphoedema can also restrict mobility and joint function, leading to stiffness and muscle weakness. This, combined with the visible swelling and lifestyle limitations, often impacts psychological well-being, contributing to anxiety, depression, and body image concerns. The risk of developing chronic wounds and ulcers is another significant complication, as the skin in affected areas becomes more prone to injury and slow healing. In rare and severe cases, untreated lymphoedema can result in lymphangiosarcoma, a malignant tumor associated with long-standing swelling. Additionally, patients may experience chronic pain and a persistent feeling of heaviness or tightness, further limiting daily activities and overall functionality.

With proper management, including early diagnosis, compression therapy, and infection prevention, many of these complications can be avoided or mitigated, improving outcomes for patients suffering from lymphoedema.